Seit mehr als 30 Jahren untersucht das Weltwirtschaftsforum die internationale Wettbewerbsfähigkeit. Der Artikel stellt drei Beispiele vor, wie sich mittels beruflicher Bildung die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der USA, Indiens und Marokkos verbessert.
Ways countries can boost competitiveness
For more than 30 years the World Economic Forum has studied and benchmarked
competitiveness, widely accepted as the key driver for sustaining prosperity and
improving the well-being of a nation’s citizens.
Against this backdrop,
the Forum is taking the next step to inform the discussion on competitiveness by
compiling information on initiatives that have aimed to, or are intended to,
build competitiveness.
Here are three examples from around the
world.
United States: Automotive Manufacturing Technical Education Collaborative
The Automotive Manufacturing Technical Education Collaborative (AMTEC) is a
joint programme by community colleges and major car manufacturers designed to
respond to a severe shortage of skilled labour by equipping students with the
high-end skills they need to work in the car industry.
With increasing
enrolment rates, driven by early recruitment in secondary schools, AMTEC has
grown from a single vocational scheme (pioneered in Kentucky by Toyota in the
mid-2000s) to an enormous programme encompassing 30 colleges and 34 plants
across a dozen states.
The fee-paying programme gives students two days
a week in the classroom and three days of hands-on training. This is provided by
Ford, General Motors, Toyota and BMW, all of which are involved in the design of
the curriculum.
India: Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services Ltd
Due to widespread migration and a youthful demographic profile, India will
have 270 million more working-age people by 2030. More than 60% of its
population is below the age of 40.
India faces the important challenge
of providing its young people with skills that will appeal to employers and who
can contribute to India's growth and a reduction of poverty.
The
Infrastructure Leasing & Financial Services Ltd (IL&FS Skills) was
founded in 2007 by a major infrastructure company as a for-profit venture to
address the national skills gap by training young people from rural areas in 16
strategic sectors. It uses a public-private partnership model to work closely
with 1,000 partner companies and the state-funded National Skill Development
Corporation.
IL&FS Skills operates institutes in 24 of India's 28
states. These follow an industry-recognized curriculum to ensure trainees are
ready for employment, which in many cases is pre-guaranteed by partner
companies. To date, 100,000 students have been trained in 18 "hub2 skill schools
and 355 "spoke" skill centres, with 85 per cent successfully
employed.
Morocco: Education for Employment
The Middle East and North Africa region (also known as MENA) suffers from the
highest youth unemployment in the world, at 27.2 per cent in the
Middle East and more than 29 per cent in North Africa.
Education for Employment (EFE) is a network of NGOs (non-governmental
organizations) that creates economic opportunity for unemployed young people in
the region by providing world-class professional and technical training that
leads directly to jobs and entrepreneurship support.
EFE-Maroc has
partnered with 200 businesses, providing them with skilled entry-level
employees. By the end of 2013, 6,600 young people, half of them women, had
graduated from EFE-Maroc’s job-placement schemes, nearly 5,000 students had been
trained in job-search skills, and more than 860 young people had been placed in
jobs.