Die ungarische Berufsbildung durchläuft in den kommenden Jahren einen gravierenden Wandel, der auf einer Novellierung des ungarischen Berufsbildungsgesetzes basiert. Eine der wichtigsten Änderungen betrifft berufsbildende Schulen. Berufsschulen, die bisher von Gemeinden verwaltet wurden - die Mehrheit der Schulen -, gingen in staatliche Verwaltung über. Damit ist nun der Staat für das Bildungsangebot verantwortlich und Arbeitgeber des pädagogischen Personals.
Hungary: vocational schools under new administration from July 2015
Hungarian vocational education and training (VET) faces a significant
transformation in the coming years, following recent amendment to the VET Act of
2011 (Act LXVI of 2015). One of the most significant changes concerns management
of VET schools.
Two years ago, all primary and secondary-level
educational institutions that had been run by municipalities – the majority of
schools – were taken over by the state. As a result, the state has become
ultimately responsible for providing education and is now the employer of all
pedagogical staff.
A special ministerial agency, the Klebelsberg
institution maintenance centre (Klebelsberg Intézményfenntartó Központ, KLIK)
was set up to carry out these tasks in 198 school districts
(tankerület).
Changes in VET school administration soon started. In
September 2013 an agency of the Ministry of Agriculture became the administrator
of most public VET schools in the agriculture sector. The transfer affected 59
schools with 26 000 students.
Recent changes concern most other public
VET schools. As of July 1, 2015, administration of most VET schools will be
transferred from KLIK to the Ministry of National Economy (Nemzetgazdasági
Minisztérium, NGM). The ministry will exercise its maintainer rights through the
national office of VET and adult learning.
There has been long
negotiation to work out the terms and conditions of transferring administration,
as there are more than 200 mixed-profile upper secondary schools in Hungary.
A recent government decree (120/2015, adopted May 21, 2015) catalogues
VET institutions under four different categories.
Most schools will be
taken over by NGM. VET art schools will remain under KLIK, and so will most
mixed-profile small town schools that provide primary and secondary school
education as well as VET. Vocational schools for students with special
educational needs will be taken over by NGM in July 2016. Finally, there are a
few mixed-profile secondary schools in which general and vocational streams are
equally significant. These will be managed jointly by NGM and KLIK.
Another significant element of change is the integration of VET schools into 30
to 40 vocational training centres. A maximum three centres can be set up in each
county with a minimum number of 2 000 learners in each. The centres will enjoy
larger autonomy and serve as an intermediate level of administration between the
schools and the national office of VET and adult learning.